Glossary: Difference between revisions
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→EPR Pairs: sqrt -> \sqrt + minor grammar
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===EPR Pairs=== | ===EPR Pairs=== | ||
EPR pairs refer to the pairs of particles with a conjugate physical property such as angular momentum. This concept has been introduced for the first time by the EPR (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen) paradox which is a thought experiment challenging the explanation of physical reality provided by Quantum Mechanics. | EPR pairs refer to the pairs of particles with a conjugate physical property such as angular momentum. This concept has been introduced for the first time by the EPR (Einstein–Podolsky–Rosen) paradox which is a thought experiment challenging the explanation of physical reality provided by Quantum Mechanics. | ||
The particles that have been used in the EPR paradox had perfect correlation in such a way that measuring a quantity of a particle A will cause the conjugated quantity of particle B to become undetermined, even if there was no contact, no classical disturbance. A two party quantum state with above property can be described with the following state:<br/> | The particles that have been used in the EPR paradox had perfect correlation in such a way that measuring a quantity of a particle A will cause the conjugated quantity of particle B to become undetermined, even if there was no contact, no classical disturbance. A two party quantum state with the above property can be described with the following state:<br/> | ||
<math>|\Phi^+\rangle = \frac{1}{sqrt{2}} (|00\rangle + |11\rangle)</math><br/> | <math>|\Phi^+\rangle = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|00\rangle + |11\rangle)</math><br/> | ||
This is one of the Bell states. | This is one of the Bell states. | ||
===Bell States=== | ===Bell States=== | ||
Bell states are maximally-entangled two-qubit states. These are the states that violate the Bell's inequality with maximal value of <math>2\sqrt{2}</math>. These states make a compelete basis for the two-qubit (4 dimensional) Hilbert space:<br/> | Bell states are maximally-entangled two-qubit states. These are the states that violate the Bell's inequality with maximal value of <math>2\sqrt{2}</math>. These states make a compelete basis for the two-qubit (4 dimensional) Hilbert space:<br/> | ||