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*<math>\text{P (Phase Gate)}</math>: Gates in this class operate on a single qubit. They are represented by 2 x 2 matrices of the form <math>R(\theta)</math>, as shown below. Here <math>\theta</math> is the phase shift. | *<math>\text{P (Phase Gate)}</math>: Gates in this class operate on a single qubit. They are represented by 2 x 2 matrices of the form <math>R(\theta)</math>, as shown below. Here <math>\theta</math> is the phase shift. | ||
<math>R(\theta) | <math>R(\theta)= | ||
\left[ {\begin{array}{cc} | \left[ {\begin{array}{cc} | ||
1 & 0 \\ | 1 & 0 \\ | ||