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== Functionality Description == | |||
Quantum Money is a quantum cryptographic scheme that was first introduced by Wiesner [Wie83] in 1983. Informally, a quantum coin is a unique object that is created by a Trusted Third Party (TTP). Then, it is circulated among untrusted clients (Transferability property). Each client should be able to verify it and confirm that it is authentic if it has been circulated according to the prescribed rules. On the other hand, an adversary must fail in counterfeiting it with overwhelmingly high probability (Unforgeability property). | Quantum Money is a quantum cryptographic scheme that was first introduced by Wiesner [Wie83] in 1983. Informally, a quantum coin is a unique object that is created by a Trusted Third Party (TTP). Then, it is circulated among untrusted clients (Transferability property). Each client should be able to verify it and confirm that it is authentic if it has been circulated according to the prescribed rules. On the other hand, an adversary must fail in counterfeiting it with overwhelmingly high probability (Unforgeability property). | ||
The quantum money schemes can be classified in two categories: Public Quantum Money and Private Quantum Money. | The quantum money schemes can be classified in two categories: Public Quantum Money and Private Quantum Money. | ||
== Outline == | == Outline == | ||
Assume a TTP (eg. a bank), a verifier (eg. a merchant) and a prover (eg. a client) are involved in a quantum money scheme. Also, assume there is only one circulating quantum coin. They follow the following procedure:</br> | Assume a TTP (eg. a bank), a verifier (eg. a merchant) and a prover (eg. a client) are involved in a quantum money scheme. Also, assume there is only one circulating quantum coin. They follow the following procedure:</br> | ||
* '''Preparation''': TTP prepares n qubits for each quantum coin with a serial number S. It stores the classical information about the qubits corresponding to S in a database and handover the quantum coin to a prover. | * '''Preparation''': TTP prepares n qubits for each quantum coin with a serial number S. It stores the classical information about the qubits corresponding to S in a database and handover the quantum coin to a prover. | ||