Interactive Proofs for Quantum Computation
Providing solution to the functionality Verification of Quantum Computation, is a class MA (Merlin-Arthur) that consists of all the problems whose solution can be verified by a BPP machine (verifier that has a classical computer) when given a proof by a 'witness' (prover). As believed, MA is not entirely contained in BQP (problems that can be solved by a quantum computer) (1)(2), the functionality of verification asks 'Does every problem in BQP admit an interactive-proof system in which the prover is restricted to BQP computations?' The example protocol answers this question by defining quantum prover interactive proofs and state 'Any language in BQP has a QPIP (quantum prover interactive proofs) which hides the computation from the prover'. IP (interactive proof systems) is a generalisation of class MA, which involves multiple interaction between the prover (untrusted company) and the verifier (consumer).