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<math>|\psi\rangle = \alpha |0\rangle_{O} + \beta |1\rangle_{O}</math>, <math>\alpha</math> and <math>\beta</math> coefficients are unknown to the sender.</br></br> | <math>|\psi\rangle = \alpha |0\rangle_{O} + \beta |1\rangle_{O}</math>, <math>\alpha</math> and <math>\beta</math> coefficients are unknown to the sender.</br></br> | ||
'''<u>Stage 1</u>''' Share entangled qubits (EPR pair)</br> | '''<u>Stage 1</u>''' Share entangled qubits (EPR pair)</br> | ||
# Generate an EPR pair (or a maximally-entangled two-qubit sate) and give one qubit to the sender(A) and one to the receiver(B). The shared EPR state between the two parties is described as:</br> | # Generate an EPR pair (or a maximally-entangled two-qubit sate) and give one qubit to the sender (A) and one to the receiver (B). The shared EPR state between the two parties is described as:</br> | ||
<math>|\Phi^+\rangle_{AB} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|0\rangle_A|0\rangle_B + |1\rangle_A|1\rangle_B)</math> | <math>|\Phi^+\rangle_{AB} = \frac{1}{\sqrt{2}} (|0\rangle_A|0\rangle_B + |1\rangle_A|1\rangle_B)</math> | ||
#This step is a pre-preparation step which should be run before the protocol starts. The state of all the three particles are as follows: | #This step is a pre-preparation step which should be run before the protocol starts. The state of all the three particles are as follows: |