Editing Quantum Money

Jump to navigation Jump to search
Warning: You are not logged in. Your IP address will be publicly visible if you make any edits. If you log in or create an account, your edits will be attributed to your username, along with other benefits.

The edit can be undone. Please check the comparison below to verify that this is what you want to do, and then publish the changes below to finish undoing the edit.

Latest revision Your text
Line 1: Line 1:
== Functionality Description ==
Quantum Money is a quantum cryptographic scheme that was first introduced by Wiesner [Wie83] in 1983. Informally, a quantum coin is a unique object that is created by a Trusted Third Party (TTP). Then, it is circulated among untrusted clients (Transferability property). Each client should be able to verify it and confirm that it is authentic if it has been circulated according to the prescribed rules. On the other hand, an adversary must fail in counterfeiting it with overwhelmingly high probability (Unforgeability property).
The quantum money schemes can be classified in two categories: Public Quantum Money and Private Quantum Money.


 
== Outline ==
Quantum Money is a quantum cryptographic scheme that was first introduced by Wiesner [Wie83] in 1983. Informally, the quantum money object is a unique (e.g. has a public classical serial number) and unforgeable (e.g. unclonable) physical object that is created by a third party called Mint (that could be trusted or not trusted). Then, it is circulated among potentially untrusted parties, Holder, who might attempt to forge it for double spending. However a Merchant, upon receiving it, should be able to verify the money has not been forged and originated from Mint. There are various verification schemes based on different types of communication and types of key encryption used by Mint (see Protocols).
Assume a TTP (eg. a bank), a verifier (eg. a merchant) and a prover (eg. a client) are involved in a quantum money scheme. Also, assume there is only one circulating quantum coin. They follow the following procedure:
 
\begin{itemize}
== Protocols ==
\item[] \textbf{Preparation} TTP prepares $n$ qubits for each quantum coin with a serial number S. It stores the classical information about the qbits corresponding to S in a database and handover the quantum coin to a prover.
 
\item[] \textbf{Interaction} In this step, the prover wants to transfer the quantum coin to a verifier. So, the authenticity of the quantum coin shall be verified by the verifier. To this end, the verifier sends a challenge to the prover and gets the serial number $SN$ of the quantum coin and the prepared qbits for it.
=== Private Key with Quantum Verification ===
\item[]\textbf{Transaction} The verifier accepts the coin if the received qbits corresponds to the stored information in the database regarding the serial number and classical information of the quantum coin. If the verifier can do the verification process by his own, the quantum money scheme is called public quantum money. Otherwise, if he needs to communicate with the TTP to verify the quantum coin, the scheme is called private quantum money.  
 
\end{itemize}
Mint generates the quantum money and hands it to Holder. Bank shares a secret classical key with Mint for all distributed money. For verification, Merchant sends the quantum money to Bank through a quantum channel. Bank performs local quantum measurements, dictated by the secret classical key, and accepts or rejects the money conditioned on the measurement outcomes.
 
*[[Wiesner Quantum Money]]: [[:Category: Quantum Memory Network Stage|Quantum Memory Network Stage]]
*[[Quantum Cheque]]
 
=== Private Key with Classical Verification ===
 
Mint generates the quantum money and hands it to Holder. Bank shares a secret classical key with Mint for all distributed money. For verification, Merchant performs local quantum operations on the money and sends classical data to Bank who accepts or rejects based on the secret key they hold.  
 
*[[Quantum Coin]]: [[:Category: Quantum Memory Network Stage|Quantum Memory Network Stage]]
*[[Quantum Token]]: [[:Category: Quantum Memory Network Stage|Quantum Memory Network Stage]]
 
=== Public Key with Quantum Verification ===
 
Mint generates the quantum money and hands it to Holder. All Holder and Merchant parties can verify the authenticity of the money themselves with the help of a public key.
 
== Properties ==
 
 
*A QMoney scheme is '''correct''' if an original quantum money issued by Mint is accepted by Bank with unit probability.
*A QMoney scheme is information-theoretically (resp. computationally) '''secure''' if no adversarial holder with unlimited (resp. computational) power can pass verification with different Merchants or Banks at the same time with high probability.
* A QMoney is '''reusable''' if an honest Holder can pass verification with different Merchants or Banks at different times.
 
==Use-cases==
* [[Cross-platform finance]]
* [[Toward regulation for security and privacy]]
 
==Knowledge Graph==
{{graph}}
 
== Further Information ==
 
<div style='text-align: right;'>''*contributed by Mahshid Delavar and Mathieu Bozzio''</div>
Please note that all contributions to Quantum Protocol Zoo may be edited, altered, or removed by other contributors. If you do not want your writing to be edited mercilessly, then do not submit it here.
You are also promising us that you wrote this yourself, or copied it from a public domain or similar free resource (see Quantum Protocol Zoo:Copyrights for details). Do not submit copyrighted work without permission!

To protect the wiki against automated edit spam, we kindly ask you to solve the following CAPTCHA:

Cancel Editing help (opens in new window)

Template used on this page:

Retrieved from "https://wiki.veriqloud.fr/index.php?title=Quantum_Money"